The sonnet is a revered poetic form, characterized by its strict structure and expressive depth. Among its many components, the volta plays a crucial role in shaping the thematic and emotional development of the poem. This article explores the concept of the volta in a sonnet, detailing its function, significance, and how it contributes to the overall impact of the poem.
See Also:Are There Any Modern Poets Who Write Sonnets?
The Concept of the Volta
Definition and Origin
The term “volta” comes from the Italian word for “turn” or “change.” In the context of a sonnet, the volta signifies a thematic or rhetorical shift that occurs within the poem. It marks a change in perspective, argument, or emotional tone, transitioning from one aspect of the subject to another.
Function and Placement
Petrarchan Sonnet
In a Petrarchan sonnet, the volta usually occurs between the octave and the sestet. This shift represents a change in the argument or mood. The poet uses the volta to pivot from presenting a problem or situation to offering a resolution or new perspective.
For example, in Petrarch’s sonnets, the octave often explores a problem related to love or life, while the sestet provides insight or resolution. The volta is crucial for distinguishing these two sections and highlighting the transition.
Shakespearean Sonnet
In a Shakespearean sonnet, the volta may occur at the start of the third quatrain or at the final couplet. The poet uses the volta to introduce a new angle or twist in the argument, offering a resolution or commentary on the previous quatrains. The final couplet often delivers a poignant or surprising conclusion.
For example, in Shakespeare’s sonnet 18, the volta occurs between the third quatrain and the final couplet, where the poet shifts from discussing the fleeting nature of beauty to asserting the enduring power of the poem to preserve the beloved’s beauty.
Examples of Volta in Sonnets
Petrarchan Sonnet Example
Consider Petrarch’s Sonnet 140:
Octave: “When I consider how my light is spent, / Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, / And that one talent which is death to hide / Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent…”
Sestet: “But patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies: God doth not need / Either man’s work or his own gifts; who best / Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best.”
In this example, the volta occurs between the octave and the sestet. The octave presents the speaker’s concern about his perceived lack of productivity and worth. The sestet shifts to a resolution, suggesting that patience and acceptance of God’s will are more important than outward achievements.
Shakespearean Sonnet Example
Consider Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30:
Quatrains: “When to the sessions of sweet silent thought / I summon up remembrance of things past, / I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought, / And with old woes new wail my dear time’s waste;”
Final Couplet: “But from the moment I looked on the fair, / I saw myself, but my poor self is now…”
In this example, the volta occurs between the third quatrain and the final couplet. The poet shifts from reflecting on personal regrets and losses to acknowledging that the memory of his beloved brings solace and resolution.
Significance of the Volta
Emotional and Thematic Development
The volta is essential for developing the emotional and thematic depth of a sonnet. It provides a turning point that allows the poet to shift focus, explore new ideas, or present a resolution. This change enhances the poem’s overall impact, offering a fresh perspective or deeper insight into the subject matter.
Crafting the Volta
Creating an effective volta involves careful consideration of how the transition will impact the poem’s structure and meaning. Poets must ensure that the volta provides a meaningful shift while maintaining coherence with the preceding content. The volta should be clear and impactful, providing a satisfying turn or resolution that enhances the poem’s thematic development.
Examples of Mastery
Many renowned poets have masterfully employed the volta in their sonnets, demonstrating its power to enhance poetic expression. For example:
William Shakespeare: Shakespeare’s use of the volta often introduces a striking twist or revelation, adding complexity to his exploration of themes such as love, time, and beauty.
Petrarch: Petrarch’s sonnets frequently showcase the volta’s role in shifting from a problem or lament to a hopeful or contemplative resolution.
Writing Your Own Sonnet with a Volta
Steps to Incorporate a Volta
Identify the Theme: Begin by determining the central theme or argument of your sonnet. Consider what you want to convey and how the volta will enhance this message.
Plan the Structure: Decide where the volta will occur—whether between the octave and sestet in a Petrarchan sonnet or in the final quatrain or couplet in a Shakespearean sonnet.
Craft the Transition: Develop the volta to provide a meaningful shift in perspective or emotion. Ensure that it aligns with the overall theme and adds depth to the poem.
Refine and Revise: Review your sonnet to ensure that the volta is clear and impactful. Make revisions to improve coherence and enhance the overall effect of the poem.
Tips for Effective Use
Clarity: Ensure that the volta is distinct and clearly marked within the poem. It should provide a noticeable shift or resolution.
Integration: Integrate the volta seamlessly with the preceding content, ensuring that it enhances rather than disrupts the flow of the poem.
Impact: Aim for a volta that offers a powerful or thought-provoking turn, adding depth and complexity to the sonnet.
Conclusion
The volta is a pivotal element in the structure and function of a sonnet, providing a crucial shift in theme, emotion, or argument. Understanding its role and significance enhances appreciation of the sonnet form and its ability to convey complex ideas and feelings.
Whether you are reading or writing sonnets, recognizing and utilizing the volta can deepen your engagement with this timeless poetic form. The volta’s ability to create meaningful transitions and revelations underscores its importance in shaping the emotional and thematic impact of the sonnet. By mastering the use of the volta, poets can craft sonnets that resonate with clarity, depth, and artistic finesse.